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What Is The Leverage Ratio And How to Calculate It?

Leverage ratio

Leverage ratio is a tool for businesses that helps to determine the extent to which a particular business depends on debt to purchase assets and build capital. On the one hand, it helps businesses determine their own capability to secure funding. On the other hand, the leverage ratio helps investors and lenders evaluate the ability of a business to meet its financial obligations after securing capital.

In this article, you will learn about leverage ratio in general and how it works for businesses as well as investors and lenders alike. We will also share with you details on how to calculate the leverage ratio formula of different types of leverage ratios. Finally, you will learn about the importance of the leverage ratio and how it applies to businesses. Hence, to learn more, read on through to the end of the article.

What Is The Leverage Ratio?

According to Investopedia,

A leverage ratio is any one of several financial measurements that look at how much capital comes in the form of debt (loans) or assesses the ability of a company to meet its financial obligations. The leverage ratio category is important because companies rely on a mixture of equity and debt to finance their operations, and knowing the amount of debt held by a company is useful in evaluating whether it can pay off its debts.”

Basically, the leverage ratio is a set of ratios with the help of which you can highlight the financial leverage of a business when it comes to assets, liabilities, and equities. The ratio gives you an idea of how much of the capital of a business comes from its debt. Hence, you will get a good idea of whether the business makes well for its financial obligations.

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How Does Leverage Ratio Work?

According to Hubspot.com,

“A higher financial leverage ratio indicates that a company is using debt to finance its assets and operations — often a telltale sign of a business that could be a risky bet for potential investors. It can mean that earnings will be inconsistent, it could be a while before shareholders can see a meaningful return on their investment, or the business could soon be insolvent.”

These metrics are really useful for creditors and investors to find out whether they should extend credit to or invest in the business. If the financial leverage ratio of a company is very high, it means that the company is allocating most of its cash flow to pay off its debts and is more prone to default on loans.

On the other hand, if the financial leverage ratio of a business is low, it shows that the business is financially responsible and has a steady stream of revenue. Even if a company is in significant debt, having a good financial leverage ratio shows that there are minimal risks for investors and creditors, and the business is likely worth an investment.

Leverage Ratio – How To Calculate It?

The following are the different formulae of leverage ratios based on the type of ratio you want to choose:

1. Operating Leverage Ratio

Operating Leverage Ratio

You can calculate it using this formula:

Operating Leverage Ratio = Percentage change in EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) / Percentage change in Sales

2. Net Leverage Ratio

Net Leverage Ratio

Here is the formula to calculate this ratio:

Net Leverage Ratio = (Net Debt – Cash Holdings) / EBITDA (Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization)

3. Debt-to-EBITDAX

You can calculate EBITDAX using this formula:

EBITDAX (Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization before Exploration Expenses) = EBIT (Earnings before Interest and Taxes) + Depreciation + Amortization + Exploration Expenses

4. Debt-to-Equity Ratio

Debt-to-Equity Ratio

Here is the formula to calculate this ratio:

Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Liabilities / Stockholders’ Equity

5. Debt-to-Capital Ratio

Debt-to-Capital Ratio

You can calculate it using this formula:

Debt-to-Capital Ratio = Debt / (Debt + Shareholders Equity)

6. Debt-to-Capitalization

Here is the formula to calculate this ratio:

Debt-to-Capitalization Ratio = (Short-term Debt + Long-term Debt) / (Short-term Debt + Long-term Debt+ Shareholder Equity)

7. Interest Coverage Ratio

Interest Coverage Ratio

You can calculate it using this formula:

Interest Coverage Ratio = Operating Income / Interest Expenses

8. Fixed-Charged Coverage Ratio

Here is the formula to calculate this ratio:

Fixed-Charged Coverage Ratio = EBIT (Earnings before Interest and Taxes) / Interest Expense of Long-term Debt

By having a good idea of your leverage ratios related to a business, you might understand how the business can run in the near future.

Why Is Leverage Ratio Important?

According to the Wall Street Mojo,

Leverage ratios are important as they allow investors to assess a company’s financial position with respect to its financial obligations. Though firms have an option of using their equity to purchase assets and resources for undertaking different business activities, they go for taking up loans to finance their capital building. The reason is one – the cost of debt or cost of borrowing is way less than the cost of equity.

The different types of leverage ratios help investors get a better idea of how the business’s capital flow is structured. By calculating these ratios, you can have information about a company in regard to whether it can take advantage of its leverage or not.

For example, if the company you want to invest in or lend credit to has taken too much debt, it is obviously risky for you. On the other hand, if the leverage ratio is too low and the company does not have any debt, it will be able to pay off too much cost of capital and reduce its earnings in the long run. Hence, consider your choices carefully.

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Wrapping Up

Hope this article was helpful for you in getting an understanding of how a leverage ratio works. You can see here that this is one of the major financial tools with the help of which you can assess a company’s ability to meet its financial obligations. By using it to measure operating expenses, you can get an idea of how differences in output can change operating income.

The debt-equity ratio, equity multiplier ratio, degree of financial leverage, and consumer leverage ratio are some of the common leverage ratios. Do you have any more information to add regarding how to calculate the leverage ratio? Share your ideas and opinions with us in the comment section below.

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Soumava Goswami

Inspired by The Social Network, Soumava loves to find ways to make small businesses successful – he spends most of his time analyzing case studies of successful small businesses. With 5+ years of experience in flourishing with a small MarTech company, he knows countless tricks that work in favor of small businesses. His keen interest in finance is what fuels his passion for giving the best advice for small business operations. He loves to invest his time familiarizing himself with the latest business trends and brainstorming ways to apply them. From handling customer feedback to making the right business decisions, you’ll find all the answers with him!

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The exponential growth of AI is impacting all sectors. You may have noticed the same in the case of the US financial markets. Most importantly, AI is streamlining the banking methodology. For instance, the US financial sector leveraged many new options for online retail banks. Let's find out the details of AI for Finance. How Does AI Work Fundamentally? The most used algorithms of AI for finance can generate deeper insights from the data sets. They can guide customers with personalized banking and investment suggestions. They can also create scope for faster and contactless payments. As a result, the importance of manual work in the financial markets is reduced.  Lastly, fraud protection and extensive cyber security are the other most prominent benefits of AI for finance.  Impact Of AI: New Improvements in The Financial Markets Experts say AI created new horizons for better risk management in the US financial sector. For instance, most US-based fintech corps enjoy better cyber security due to AI.  At the same time, AI plays a crucial role in the regulatory compliance of banking corporations. In the meantime, AI can process large swathes of data to identify patterns and anomalies. Hence, it is an unbeatable tool of anti-money laundering.  AI also made the detection of imposters in banking easier.  For instance, Wells Fargo uses the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique for KYCs. This is an AI tool. It can extract digital codes from KYC forms and match them with the information on public databases.  In addition, generative AI has a crucial role in KYC, too. It is one of the phenomenal uses of AI for finance.  AI brings unique tools like liveliness tests and innovative screening to find analogies and anomalies between the original photographs (during KYC) and ID card photos.  It is a critical component of entity verification. Significant Applications of AI For the Finance Sector Let's analyze the areas where AI for finance can be most effective. We will also discuss the critical roles of AI in those sectors.  Reducing workload and improving service efficiency using Chatbots  All chatbots are AI-powered. Chatbots use the natural language process power of generative AI.  But How Do Chatbots Use It? Chatbots use AI to process and send immediate replies to large volumes of customer queries simultaneously.  Stockgeist is a reputed financial virtual assistant who answers queries regarding the financial market for people in the US.  Such chatbots use accurate time market survey data, existing survey results, and NLP to create expert market suggestions.  Fraud Prevention Through Quicker Detection Traditionally, US banks use rule-oriented AML and the typical name screening system. However, experts say it may return many false positives.  But AI can detect most malicious transaction patterns. At the same time, AI can detect anomalies in banking data to decipher potential frauds. The same technology can also uncover the unholy association of individual customers with vicious entities.  As a result, the financial market operators can follow a more proactive approach to customer services.  Managing Customer Relationships Banks can use chatbots to offer 24x7 customized replies to customer queries. Previously, customer calls were redirected 2 to 3 times before someone could answer your query correctly.  However, those days are past.  Suppose you ask Erica, "Which deposit scheme is best for me?".  Erica is Bank of America's chatbot for those who don't know. It will analyze your past data and ask you some simple questions. Then, its algorithm will calculate and give you the best possible suggestions.  Better customer service played a crucial role in improving customer satisfaction at US banks. For instance, BoA's customer satisfaction grew by 5%. Chase Bank's score also improved by the same limit.  Predictive Analytics ML combined with AI for finance can yield the best forecasting results. In financial markets like NYSE and NASDAQ, it may forecast stock revenues, predict stock prices, and monitor the risk of investors' profiles.  Apps like Stockgeist use such generative AI for predictive analysis.  Experts say that most investors use online apps for investing. They leave trails of digital footprints and share personal data. As a result, AI can track the data. Again, it helps AI make more efficient predictive analyses.  AI in Banks Ai paradoxically impacts the product and service quality in the US banking sector. It leveraged advanced data handling methods. At the same time, AI also improved banks' customer experience.  But what are the parameters of improved customer service? Online banking services became simple and easy to understand  The service speed increased manifold Traditional banking services have been replaced by customer-friendly online banking The banks can easily leverage big data now. As an outcome, data analytics has become more accessible, too.  Want to know how data analytics helps banks?  It helps in exploring areas responsible for cost overburn. At the same time, it also helps identify individual resource-exhausting aspects of banking operations.  Data analytics also plays a crucial role in real-time asset management.  Despite using AI in banks, many experts are not enthusiastic about it.  They feel that BFSIs can perform better with the integration of AI.  The emergence of online payment banks and neobanks are prime examples of efficient AI use.  The role of AI in banks' finances is shrinking every day. On the other hand, a plethora of new opportunities are opening before NBFCs.  Not only online retail. However, many fintech companies are also leveraging the efficient use of AI.  Challenges Of AI For the Finance Sector The implementation and integration of AI can also be a critical challenge in the banking sector.  There's no questioning that the market of Generative AI reached USD $44.89 billion, before 2023 ended. However, most frontline US banks are banning ChatGPT use.  Banks like Chase, CitiBank, BoA, and others are on this list. But why? The reason is simple.  The banks source generative AI assistance from various third parties. And they often don't conduct due diligence checks. So, daily implementation of these third-party AI services can be risky.  However, there are more precise reasons for excluding ChatGPT. For instance, technology draws data from global users to improve its assessing and responding capabilities.  At the same time, it also depends on user-generated data to develop patterns and create data privacy algorithms. I mean that the risks are inherent to AI technology.  The consequences may be risky if there is a data leakage from big banks. Malicious agents can usurp the data and derive patterns that can be used to harm the bank or its customers.  So, I feel that banks can protect customers by cutting off ties like ChatGPT.  How Worse Can It Be? In May 2023, a fake AI-generated image was published. The image was of an explosion near the Pentagon. It triggered fear. As a result, the value of US stock depleted overnight.  Events like these show that AI can pose significant threats. Experts say that there are various groups ready to take advantage of the weaknesses in financial markets.  There are many fraud financial schemes in the US markets. Most of these schemes are AI-generated. However, such schemes lead to spoofing, like voice cloning, to manipulate the market in dynamic ways.  However, many new applications of AI for finance are emerging. As a result, cyber security will further weaken. But I feel that misinformation can cause even more panic, hampering the financial market.  The Bottom Line...... AI is drastically changing the products and services in the financial markets. For instance, chatbots, automatic trading, AI stock screening, and others are the prime gifts of AI for finance.  However, we learned the lesson that AI can cause disruption in the market,t too. It may pose financial as well as operating risks at great lengths. For More Finance Related Articles, Click Below!! Best Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks to Invest in US The 10 Best AI Companies in the World How To Invest in ChatGPT?